Introduction to Quantum Computer

Computers are getting more and more powerful and smarter by time. You might have heard about the different types of computers like Minicomputer, Mainframe Computer and Super Computers and so on… But have you ever heard about the Quantum Computers? Seems similar to Quantum Physics, Right? So let’s know more about the Quantum Computer in today’s blog by rajkumar29000.in

Quantum Computers are the computers that work upon the rules and principles of Quantum Physics to store data and perform computation. In quantum computer, the basic unit of memory is quantum bit also known as Qubit. These computers can be extremely useful in various fields like Defense, Medical, Communication, Artificial Intelligence, etc.

A Quantum Computer of 44 Qubits can be much powerful as today’s Super Computer. Even they can be 100 million times faster than world’s fastest supercomputer. We can consider them as the future of Technology.

As we know modern computers use bits to store data and perform computation. A computer can only understand binary digits. A program is converted into machine language (binary bits) according to which computer performs any task. These bits are identifiable by the transistors in computer processor which converts it into electric signal in circuit. Whereas, Quantum Computer uses atoms instead of chips for calculation. In computers a bits can hold only two values whether 0 or 1 but, in Quantum Computers, qubits are used which can hold one or more than one value. E.g. it can be 0 or 0 and 1 both at the same time.

According to scientist atom keeps moving around, like a magnetic compass. In an atom, a spin can be in upward or downward direction or in both directions at the same time. This upward and downward movement represents the bits (0, 1). In today’s computer a spin can move in upward and downward direction i.e. 0 and 1 but in Quantum Computer they can be in upward and downward or both directions at same. I.e. 0, 1 or 0 1

After analyzing the atom scientist came to know that atom is a complex calculator in nature which keeps moving, like a compass. This concept can be compared with today’s technology. They compared spins in atom with the bits. Thus, scientist got an idea to use atoms in computing.

In 1959, Richard Feynman states the possibility of using quantum effects for computation. In 1981 Feynman urged the world to build a quantum computer. “Nature isn’t classical… and if you want to make a simulation of nature, you’d better make it quantum mechanical…”

In 1994, Peter Shor introduced a quantum algorithm, which allows a quantum computer to factor larger integers exponentially much faster the best known class algorithm. In 2009, Yale created first solid-state quantum processor, a 2-qubit superconducting chip.

In 2011, Australian and Japanese scientists made a breakthrough in quantum teleportation, which successfully transfers quantum data with full transmission integrity.

In 2013, Google announced that it was launching the Quantum AI Lab.

In May 2015, NASA introduced first fully operational quantum computer, D-Wave Systems.

In October 2019, Google announced that they had achieved quantum supremacy. Read the full brief history of Quantum Computer here.

They are incredibly fast and effective: - They can perform calculations in a few seconds for which today’s super computer needs decades or even millennia. As we know it uses qubits instead of bits.

Useful in various fields like Defense, Medical, Technology, etc: - Advancement in Quantum Computing will also very helpful in various fields like for medical and scientific research, helps in better development of defense, etc.

Enhancement in Artificial Intelligence: - We already know that an AI robot is very efficient in learning anything in second. But a Quantum Computer that can defeat today’s super computers can also defeat the Artificial Intelligence.

Enhancement in Artificial Intelligence: - We already know that an AI robot is very efficient in learning anything in second. But a Quantum Computer that can defeat today’s super computers can also defeat the Artificial Intelligence.

Very complex algorithms are required to make quantum computer: - Very complex algorithms are required for quantum computer as they work upon the rules and principles of quantum physics

Very low temperature is required: - As quantum computers uses atom they need to stored at very low temperature to work properly i.e. 0 degree Celsius.

Internet Security Risk: - Quantum Computers are efficient enough to find thousands or millions of vulnerability in Internet that can be a great risk for the Internet World.

In Quantum Computing, quantum supremacy or quantum advantage is the goal of demonstrating that a programmable quantum device can solve a problem that no classical computer can solve in any feasible amount of time. It involves both the engineering task and the computational-complexity-theoretic task of finding a problem that can be solved by that quantum computer and has a super polynomial speedup over the best known or possible classical algorithm for that task, according to Wikipedia.

This was all about the Quantum Computers based on Internet Research & what I understand. I hope this blog was understandable by you. Thanking for reading this blog.